Abstract: Smoking could be detrimental to multiple ocular diseases. The release of IL-1β and IL-6 together with activation of NF-κB was prompted by cigarette smoking may be associated with dry eye. Some studies found smoking was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cigarette smoking was related to a significant decline in the concentrations of serum thyroxine antibody in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients. Ischemia-related eye diseases, glaucoma, pterygium, refractive error, and other eye diseases that may be associated with systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by smoking.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2022, 46: 402-409)

Key words: smoking, ocular disease, risk factors